list and explain 7 types of election in nigeria

General Election General election is held periodically once in five years where all the eligible voters on the basis of universal adult franchise exercise their voting rights in the election. The most widely used families of PR electoral systems areparty list PR, thesingle transferable vote(STV), andmixed member proportional representation(MMP). Only the registered individuals are eligible to vote. In the united states, voters cast ballots in primary elections, general elections, and even social elections. There are hundreds of local, state, and federal elections in the United States each year. Once the final candidates are decided a general election is held. Giffords' camp publicly supported her former aide, Ron Barber, in the special election. For example, if you registered to vote as a member of the Republican Party then you can vote in the Republican primary, but not the Democratic primary. The House of Representatives and the Senate are the two chambers of the National Assembly. If the contest is for more than one seat, the person or persons receiving the next-highest vote totals are also elected. Dino Melaye Finally Opens Up, "We no dey drag ownership": Yul Edochie stirs reactions as he names the owners of Lagos, 2023 elections results: Updated list of National Assembly seats won by APC, PDP, Labour Party, others so far, Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, Zenith Bank customer care contacts for any inquiries, 50 best happy Sunday messages for friends and loved ones, Easy tips on how to transfer money from First Bank Account, 150+ Korean boy names and meanings: Cute, unique and popular, 100+ funny nicknames you can give your friends and partners, 100+ very short love messages to melt her heart in 2023. This means that political power is given to people who have been elected through democratic elections. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. They will be briefly. The two candidates who received the most votes in the primary become the candidates in the general election. A primary election is an initial election where voters choose the final candidates for the general election. Meet Dottie, our Democrat. And say 'hello' to Iggy, our Independent. Two kinds of semiproportional systems are described below: limited voting and cumulative voting. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); TYPES OF ELECTION IN NIGERIA AND ELECTORAL SYSTEM (2023), For example, if three or more candidates vying for a position, and if none receives majority votes, then a second primary election or runoff election is held between the two candidates with the highest number of votes in the first primary election held. There are primaries, general and even special elections. So, in the semi-open primary, Iggy can still vote even though she doesn't belong to either party. As Africa's most populous country, largest economy and most notable democracy, Nigeria is a bellwether for the continent. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? Thus, if a party won 40% of the vote it would receive 40% of the seats. A bye-election could be needed if a member dies or resigns while in political office. so that you can track your progress. During the electoral process, Nigerians for instance, elect a representative to the office of the President at the federal level as a head of state, a Governor is elected across the 36 states in Nigeria and representatives for the legislature (the National Assembly). Register or login to make commenting easier. An electoral or voting system, in general, is a method through which people of a certain country elect their presidents, governments or other administrative or political officials. The Nigerian Election is a means of choosing and electing choice representatives to the Nigerian federal government and the various states in Nigeria. By contrast, in anindirect election, the voters elect a body which in turn elects the officeholder in question. The next two types of primaries are designed to allow voters to pick different candidates from different parties. The candidate need not get a majority (50%+) of the vote to win; so long as he has a larger number of votes than all other candidates, he is declared the winner. Election is a means of choosing and electing choice representatives to the Nigerian federal government and the various states in Nigeria. In Nigeria, the general election is held to determine and decide which political party, or candidates will occupy each office that are open for election. Being an M. Sc seminar presentation in the department of Political Science, Benue State University, Makurdi. An error occurred trying to load this video. The US presidential election is also generally considered a plurality system, but the existence of the Electoral College actually makes it a strange hybrid of plurality and majority systems. Statewide primaries occur on the Tuesday following the first Monday in March preceding the November general election. For example, presidential elections are held in November every four years. Government Electoral Systems and Processes Electoral Systems. In a situation where there are six political parties, there may be as many as six candidates in each constituency. Our general elections are held every four years, during the first week of November. How Many Local Government in Lagos state, LGA Chairman and Location? In the United States, when the primary elections are ongoing, separate party ballots are printed, ballot boxes are provided and the voter must choose between the ballot with interested Democrats running against other Democrats or the one on which Republicans run against other Republicans (all in the same party). To learn more, view our full privacy policy. How do you award a party 19.5 seats if it got 19.5% of the vote? They are also used if a person is removed from office for some reason, for example he/she isguiltyof acrimeor is not qualified to be a member anymore. 21 August 2022. Like at-large voting, these two systems use multi-member districts and voters have multiple votes. Barber won the seat, but he later lost to the Republican challenger in the November congressional elections. Voters must select someone to replace that person. Local, State & National Elections in the U.S. Often, two or three parties are the strongest and a third party that is electorally successful. If there is no clear winner in a primary contest, there may need to be a second primary that will be held in October. There is a specialized committee responsible for the elections each time election is held in the country. 5. Each of these types of primaries establishes what the voters see on their ballots. These terms refer to who can vote in each party's primary. Here, Iggy can't vote in the primary. Overall, inflation in 2022 stood at just under 19%, the highest in two decades. Each voter who is eligible has to cast his vote within the stated hours. Nobody knows how other people vote unless they decide to share their opinion with others and tell them their choice. These elections are regularly scheduled based on the terms of the political offices. There are several stages and activities that are involved when conducting elections in Nigeria. Ageneral electionis anelectionin which all or most members of a given political body are chosen. This method determines the conditions under which a candidate or a party can participate in the elections and the way votes are counted. A general election is a regularly scheduled, nationwide election used to determine the U.S. president and other political officials. Ifn% of the electorate support a particularpolitical party, then roughlyn% of seats will be won by that party. If the election is to the houses of parliament, the successful candidate will be parliamentarians. The Electoral College is a controversial issue in American politics, asthe Electoral College vote may not agree with the popular vote. The MPs (members of parliament), MLAs (members of legislature) and members of the local bodies are elected by direct election. The basic information needed about who is running for what office and whether there are any local ballot measures is provided. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Electoral Systems and Processes and you are encouraged to log A bye-election is the name of an election for just some members. Numerous registrations and votes by the same person. This committee organizes the pre-election run, controls all the conditions of this period, and prepares everything needed for the voting process, etc. AP US Government and Politics: Voting and Elections, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Electoral College and Elections in the US, AP US Government and Politics: Introduction to the Study of American Government, AP US Government and Politics: Constitutional Democracy, AP US Government and Politics: Federalism in the United States, AP US Government and Politics: American Political Culture, AP US Government and Politics: Political Parties, The Electoral College: Definition & Process, Types of Elections: Primary, General & Special, Campaign Finance: Sources, Regulations & Reform. Not all municipalities will have an election in a given odd-numbered year. Presidential elections in Austria, Finland, Portugal, Russia and other east European states, as well as presidential and National Assembly elections in France, make use of various forms of majority electoral systems. The primary election is organized by all the individual political parties to select each partys nominee/representative for the general election. A countrys electoral system isthe method used to calculate the number of elected positions in government that individuals and parties are awarded after elections. Of course, electronic systems can be hacked, too, and its possible to make them count the votes in a way thats profitable for a certain candidate but its much harder than falsification of regular ballots. Amajoritarian voting systemis anelectoral systemwhich gives the right to appoint all the representatives to themajorityof the electors, denying representation to all minorities. In determining who votes for whom in the Electoral College, though, the US presidential race is a strict plurality system: The candidate who gets a plurality of the popular vote in a state gets all that states electoral votes. By giving voice to people on the smaller scales of government, over such issues as water supply, power, and sewer systems, confidence is thought to be built to eventually reform higher levels of government. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. The fourth type of primary is a blanket primary, where all candidates for all parties are listed on one ballot. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. Historically the first electoral system to be used, it was later progressively modified or eliminated, due to its non-democratic effects. Checks and balances. Then, all the parties need to get registered. Merits and Demerits of Universal Adult Suffrage, Characteristics of a Free and Fair Election, Advantages and Disadvantages of the Plurality System, Advantages and Disadvantages of Proportional Representation, Duties and Problems Of Electoral Commission, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play. Government Electoral Systems and Processes Elections. Primary elections in Pennsylvania are held on the third Tuesday of May in most years. In Nigeria -Africa's largest democracy project, the election administration process since the country gained political independence from the British has always resulted in controversy and. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. This is meant to allow the needs of all citizens to be represented by these elected officials, but the electoral process can seem confusing because there are different types of elections. A robust civil society, independent media, a sound public administration, and an independent judiciary can help to manage the underlying tensions and grievances that elections bring to the surface. A by-election or bye-election is a type of special election. In a runoff primary, all the candidates for each office from all parties are listed. In addition, an eligible voter may split the ballot paper to select candidates from all parties on the ballot. Proportional representation(PR) characterizeselectoral systemsin which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The president (head of state) is elected by the people. All 20 of Pennsylvanias electoral votes go to the person who won the popular vote in Pennsylvania. "Your new look is better": Nigerian man flaunts transformation after he started dating his current girlfriend, Airlines sue Dutch over Schiphol airport flight cuts, Foxconn plans new India iPhone plant in shift away from China, Bernard Arnault: List of businesses, properties owned by the current world's richest person, Banks give N947 billion loan to customers amid cash crunch. The relative vote for each list determines how many candidates from each list are actually elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon theelectoral systemused. Its origins can be traced to theprogressive movementin theUnited States, which aimed to take the power of candidate nomination from party leaders to the people. 54 countries out of 195 researched ones prefer having districts with a single winner only. Recall that the House of Representatives has 360 members which are elected for a four-year term in single-seat constituencies and there are 109 members in the senate members elected as senate members. In Nigeria, every voting starts with a pre-election period, during which all the candidates work with people and try to win their liking, give promises, convince about something, and so forth.

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