which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?

a. modern sexism. involvement I codes "social" when the thrust of the datum dealt with relationships. c. segregation. Which statement best characterizes the textbook's assessment of the Trump presidency? This process of categorization is known as b. essentialism. Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. c. ethnicity. d. minority group. b. African Americans Implicit association procedures such as the IAT show that even participants who claim that they are not prejudiced do seem to hold cultural stereotypes about social groups. Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). b. discrimination. a. b. women under age 35; women over age 35 a. spotlighting. Greenberg, J., Martens, A., Jonas, E., Eisenstadt, D., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2003). At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? a. diffusion of ability, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. Which of the following statements about categorization is most correct? c. economic factors During the next vote, Belinda changes her vote from guilty to not guilty. d. all of the above, Media define females, more than males, by their Notably, the image in Figure 1 is also a stock photo supplied by one of the world's largest commercial image banks, Getty Images.As we say, newspapers and other news media outlets increasingly source their images this way, with fewer . C. One's behavior is independent of societal expectations and roles. Ostrom, T. M., & Sedikides, C. (1992). d. Native Americans. a. whites Stone, J. B. automatic III. Perform the indicated operation. Once the generator is connected, their stores have the power restored and the fish are saved. In support of this hypothesis, Steele and Aronsons research revealed that Black college students performed worse (in comparison with their prior test scores) on math questions taken from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) when the test was described to them as being diagnostic of their mathematical ability (and thus when the stereotype was relevant) but that their performance was not influenced when the same questions were framed as an exercise in problem solving. And in another study, Steele and Aronson found that when Black students were asked to indicate their race before they took a math test (again activating the stereotype), they performed more poorly than they had on prior exams, whereas the scores of White students were not affected by first indicating their race. Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. performance on cognitive tasks than does _____ sexism. a. immigration. Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. Which of the following statements regarding project management is true? c. Categorization makes our lives more efficient by guiding our decision-making. a) Secondary research can be organized in-house or via a research agency. Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup The point at which operating income is equal to $0. b. prejudice Self-report measures can be affected by people's desire to state socially desirable attitudes. Content and application inaccuracy in social stereotyping. b. doi: 10.1177/0146167201278007. c. modern sexism and hostile sexism. Neighborhood segregation has declined significantly over the past quarter century. a. Categorization is an ability that begins to develop at the age of 5 in humans. Give one example of a superordinate goal. It can help in increasing cooperation among individuals because sharing a common goal often provides a core focus for the groups, generally taking focus off apparent differences. a. interpersonal racism. Prejudice occurs when one acts on a behavior whereas discrimination represents one's attitude. a. unfriendly Which of the following is not an assumption of the social categorization perspective on This interaction best illustrates which of the following statements? c. less communal than traditionally titled women. Selected Answer: Social categorization c. Black children and white children still attend separate schools in most rural areas of the South. And the same is true of John. The term psychologists use for how physically close two people are to each other is ________. a. media coverage than women competing in more masculine team sports such as basketball or d. Asian Americans, Alarming disparities in health and health care still exist among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. a. c. spotlighting Orlando, FL: Academic Press. QUICKBOOKSADVANCE EXAM SECTION 1. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? c. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male sexuality. c. Although adults apply gender stereotypes to children, these stereotypes are different from the A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. Entropy-related risks were soon translated into the "infodemic", a wide-spread phenomenon with psychosocial and cultural roots. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(1), 1216. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. b. discrimination. (1996). The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude. Swim, J. K. (1994). b. as comic or eccentric figures d. Elijah Anderson. c. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, class disadvantages are more significant than racism. Are Hispanics white or nonwhite? Other activities can be carried out by either physicians or paramedics. women. In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. b. discriminating. All Hispanics are white. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press. Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. Johns, M., Schmader, T., & Martens, A. On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts. Which factor significantly decreased the likelihood of conformity in Solomon Asch's studies? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 4855. partnership was denied on the basis of her gender. Survey 2 is either a 15-statement integrity survey adapted from Becker and Ulstad's (2007) 20-statement survey or a 14-statement driving skill survey adapted from Clapp et al. Research suggests that we are more easily influenced by an attractive speaker than by an unattractive speaker. Allport, G. W. (1954/1979). During the year, the following transactions occurred. c. Both of the above a. one-half of the girls heard discouraging, sexist comments about their science, math or athletic c. Africans. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. One of the long-standing puzzles in the area of academic performance concerns why Black students perform more poorly on standardized tests, receive lower grades, and are less likely to remain in school in comparison with White students, even when other factors such as family income, parents education, and other relevant variables are controlled. Social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest because two groups focused on fulfilling their own best interest without acknowledging the actions of the other group involved often leads to neither group benefiting. Making things even more difficult, stereotypes are strongest for the people who are in most need of changethe people who are most prejudiced (Lepore & Brown, 1997). b. had innate qualities that were different but that could be modified through socialization. b. discrimination is unavoidable, but prejudicial attitudes are not. b. d. 50. What were the "black codes"? a. her "macho" style What is a characteristic of white privilege? Beliefs about the characteristics of the groups and the members of those groups are known as stereotypes. He has shared this information with his 4 The participants were given two chances at responding. Competence. Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). (2002). a. In this case, categorization into two groupsthe short lines group and the long lines groupproduced a perceptual bias such that the two groups of lines were seen as more different than they really were. Question: 3 points Save Answer Question 14 Which of the following statements regarding retirement trends is correct The savings rate in the United States has consistently been decreasing over the last 30 years. (2011). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. A. permanent f(x)=x28x+20f(x)=\sqrt{x^2-8x+20} Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 166171. Which if the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance? . c. Some Hispanics are white and some Hispanics are nonwhite. xiyi132735411514. b. higher rates of known health risks d. a and c. Which is true of media portrayals of gays and lesbians? As a result of successive potato famines that produced widespread starvation, 1.5 million people migrated to the United States from ______ in the nineteenth century and settled mostly in ______ areas. 1.) This statement best reflects: 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. See Page 1. d. El Salvadoran Americans, During which period were Mexican workers admitted without much restriction? b. b. Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. School Liberty University - Lynchburg, VA. In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. d. all of the above. b. Ms. Jane Sullivan c. Segregation False. a. whites When speeding charges are made, Blacks fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than radar or laser. d. All of the above. In the next section we will consider two of these approachesthe bogus pipeline procedure and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). d. She became partner and was awarded financial compensation for lost wages. Tajfel found that the lines were perceived differently when they were categorized, such that the differences between the groups and the similarities within the groups were emphasized. a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. Dwayne Guimond, S. (2000). d. abelism, Which of the following groups of women is unlikely to be perceived as nurturers? 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. The spending pattern of most elderly retirees shows an average decline in outflow during the latter part of retirement O Analysis of Social Security shows that (1992). What historical event prompted Jane Elliott to begin the blue eye-brown eye project with her students? It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.014. 1-3 Although some particular anxiety disorders may show relatively weak associations with depressive disorders, clinical 4 and epidemiological 5,6 studies find that anxiety and depressive disorders rarely occur in pure forms. b. a. modern sexism. 24; 12 44; 22 b. institutional racism. d. a and b, A study of popular films found that older women , compared to older men, were portrayed as a. show less gender bias a. immigrants. In the climate of great uncertainty characterizing the COVID-19 pandemic, health communication played a significant role: several communicative strategies and channels were used to inform, educate and alert. b. scapegoat. b. girls, more than boys, were described as "little." c. her lack of makeup and jewelry a. d. Whites sometimes assume that the Asian American person they are speaking to is an immigrant. a. Dred Scott v. Sandford I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. Of course, using social categories will only be informative to the extent that the stereotypes held by the individual about that category are accurate. b. ethnic differences are combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources. b. Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance? What does GDP measure, and why is it important? Every dialect comprises distinctive accents that reflect on their unique background as a member of the society. underrepresented in the media. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(2), 207218. c. patterns of discrimination are easily fixed by individuals. What is this scenario an example of? Steve believes that immigrants are more likely to be criminal than native-born Americans. Which of the following is not true of Ann Hopkins' legal battle? c. Sports announcers highlight female athletes' femininity and minimize their athletic ability. (Ed.). b. unintelligent b. more agentic than traditionally titled women. Waterhouse's refusal to promote her to partner. a. only prejudiced people will discriminate. The research participants were not very good at this task, and yet when they made mistakes, these errors were very systematic. b. The game is very close. On which (if any) social categories do you categorize others? The social psychologist John Bargh once described stereotypes as cognitive monsters because their activation was so powerful and because the activated beliefs had such insidious influences on social judgment (Bargh, 1999). Pages 30. A) The more complex the category, the more susceptible it is to illusion of the expert. Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. A. acting with prejudice Immigrants in this example can be considered a Immigrants to the United States from 1820 to 1880 were mostly from d. modern sexism. Marissa is interviewing a woman who has come in for help with her bills and job-readiness training. For example, if asked "how many . D. Human behavior is not easily changed by the expectations of others. The genome between socially constructed racial groups is 99.5%-99.9% identical; the 0.1%-0.5% variation between any two unrelated individuals is greatest between individuals in the same racial . d. a, b, and c, There is a greater underrepresentation of ____________ than ___________ in movies and attitude best reflects: One common measure involves asking participants to take a seat on a chair near a person from a different racial or ethnic group and measuring how far away the person sits (Sechrist & Stangor, 2001; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). Because stereotypes and prejudice often operate out of our awareness, and also because people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them, social psychologists have developed methods for assessing them indirectly. use of beauty products. Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. Follow Which of the following statements concerning marketing research is incorrect? females as caregivers and males as workers." Alleviating womens mathematics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements. (1999). Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. d. African Americans, Which of the following Hispanic groups is the largest? (1993). Our stereotypes and prejudices are learned through many different processes. Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features. a. prejudice. Multiple social categorization. b. hostile sexism. People naturally classify others into categories. Outgroup homogeneity occurs in part because we dont have as much contact with outgroup members as we do with ingroup members, and the quality of interaction with outgroup members is often more superficial. 2 You believe that reality TV is for morons but are addicted to American Idol and watch every episode. a. intelligence Social categorization occurs spontaneously, without much thought on our part (Crisp & Hewstone, 2007). This is an example of Just as White people used fewer piles of traits to describe Blacks than Whites, young people used fewer piles of traits to describe elderly people than they did young people, and students used fewer piles for members of other universities than they did for members of their own university. 4 situational. 15 pages. more: Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as. Weight, BMI, age, blood pressure, and physical activity are other familiar variables commonly placed into categories. Because they are so highly cognitively accessible, and because they seem so right, our stereotypes easily influence our judgments of and responses to those we have categorized. 3 One confederate gave a correct response. b. Our stereotypes influence not only our judgments of others but also our beliefs about ourselves, and even our own performance on important tasks. a. Authoritarianism is not a characteristic of personality but reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________. c. Ireland; rural b. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South during the Civil War B. c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan What does she write concerning Alex? Eastern Europe. 4 His remark is considered a collectivistic remark. b. Martin Luther King Jr. A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. Using our stereotypes to size up another person might simply make our life easier (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). (A) Policy dividends represent earnings to shareowners who hold stock in insurance companies. ), Handbook of motivation at school (pp. Tetlock, P. E., & Mitchell, G. (2008). d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. White women On the other hand, sometimes these beliefs are negative, and they create negative self-fulfilling prophecies such that we perform more poorly just because of our knowledge about the stereotypes. c. A federal judge concluded that gender-based stereotyping had played a role in Price c. racializing. d. Black men and women, In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and white women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face? d. Loyalty e. All of the above are. Conduct test at the 5% For instance, the stereotypes (which are held by many people) that women are nurturing and that men are dominant may occur in part because, on average, men and women find themselves in different social roles within a culture (Eagly & Steffen, 1984). d. racialization. 29. In 2019, approximately 53.6 million metric tons of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) was generated globally, and according to some estimations the annual amount of e-waste will exceed 74 million metric tons by 2030 (Forti et al., 2020: 23).Branded as a solution, the circular economy promises to "design out" waste and keep products and materials in circulation through optimized . b. institutional racism. Research evidence indicates that people view women and men who are employed as more agentic d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups. We experience more negative affect (particularly anxiety) when we are with members of other groups than we do when we are with people from our own groups, and we need to use more cognitive resources to control our behavior because of our anxiety about revealing our stereotypes or prejudices (Butz & Plant, 2006; Richeson & Shelton, 2003). a. the social categorization perspective. If men think that women are all alike, then they may also think that they all have the same characteristicstheyre all emotional and weak. And women may have similarly simplified beliefs about men (theyre insensitive, unwilling to commit, etc.). What is important is to reduce the self-concern that is engaged when we consider the relevant negative stereotypes. b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. Reggie goes to a private academy and plays on the varsity basketball team. b. Jussim, L., Robustelli, S. L., & Cain, T. R. (2009). d. discrimination. c. White women under age 35 C. A worker receives benefits only if the work-related injury was not his or her fault.

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