ekpe society cameroon

The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. Ekpe, also known as Mgbe/Egbo (Ekoi language: leopard; derived from the Ibibio term for the same), is a West African secret society in Nigeria and Cameroon flourishing chiefly among the Efiks. [5] The Efik refer to themselves as Efik Eburutu, Ifa Ibom, Eburutu and Iboku. Several periods have been estimated by foreign scholars and indigenous historians. NSUWorks - Nova Southeastern University Institutional Repository [61] These papers were signed by the reigning monarchs of Creek town and Duke town who were Eyo Honesty II and Eyamba V.[61] King Eyamba and King Eyo had written letters to the British requesting that they bring in teachers to teach them trade and commerce and missionaries to aid them to know more about God. The Amama often appropriate hundreds of acres of palm trees for their own use and, with the profits they earn, ensure that their sons achieve comparable rank, which has the effect of limiting access to economic gain for other members of the community. The Neegee is a cannibalistic group that feeds on human flesh to satisfy their God, and to gain power from that God. [65] Cannons were shot at the town and every house was levelled to the ground. According to Asuquo, Asibong Eso of Obutong was Old King Robin; Ekpenyong Efa of Adiabo was King John; Ani Eniang Nkot of Mbiabo Ikoneto was Robin King Agbisherea; Oku Ukpong Eton Ani of Mbiabo Ikot Offiong was William King Agbisherea; while Ukorebi Neneng Esien Ndem Ndem of Obomitiat Ikoneto was King Ebrero[55]. It is not just because of its spiritual or cultic functions but for the fact that the institution was a pre-colonial police judiciary system (Bassey, 1998). The cloth is made of plain cotton but transformed into a ritual object when nsibidi symbols are inscribed onto it through indigo dyeing. Several types of English dresses were introduced to Efik women such as the Victorian dresses known in Efik as nyny. At least in the past, very large sums were paid to attain these upper levels. Colonial Anthropologist M.D.W. The Efik people occupy the basins of the Lower Cross River, down to southwestern Cameroon including Bakassi, the Calabar River and down to its streams - the Kwa River, Akpayafe (Akpa Ikang) and the Eniong Creek. You are using an out of date browser. 4. [59] Ekpe is first mentioned in the historical literature of Old Calabar in the 1770s. The Ekpe society may be regarded as one of the most important institutions among the Efik people. [76], Prior to the introduction of European-styled clothing, the Efik wore loin clothes made of Raffia (Efik: Ndam). The Ekpe Masquerade Jun. In the culture we have discussed, the term nyama refers to: the power which exists in all things, which can be controlled only by special persons. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as It is also found among a number of other ethnic groups, including the Bahumono of the Cross River State, the Ibibio, the Uruan and the Oron of Akwa Ibom State, Arochukwu and some other parts of Abia State, as well as in the diaspora, such as in Cuba and Brazil. [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. It described the religion, social, economic and political structures of the society as progressive and dynamic. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. Some meals have been mentioned often in the 19th century historical literature of Old Calabar. Now we can't sell slaves again we must have too much man for country; and want something for make work and trade, and if we could get seed for cotton and coffee we could make trade. "[20] History The Ekoi people, while all speaking the same language, have not tended to live in complete unison. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. Wake Keeping, Viewing and service in Dallas, Texas. But, Ekpe in the course of the colonial period underwent a wide range of fundamental changes in their structure, roles, status . Alcoholic content may be increased via adding the red bark of Edat (Sacoglottis gabonensis) to the wine. The society combines a kind of freemasonry with political and law enforcing aims. The society is now seen as a fraternity along the masonic lines which tries to represent the interest of Efiks. The Efik people are well known for a diverse number of cuisines. Additional Touches [22] This is further proven by Talbot who proves that other ethnicities appended the name "Eburutu" or "Oburutu" to their ethnic names. [80] Ivory bracelets (Efik: Mme) were worn by wealthy women. The first letter of the word is correctly written as "" and denotes plurality. The Efik in Nigeria have Nkanda as the basic Ekpe whereas, in Cameroon we have Ekpe as the starting point in Ekpe. They came from Mbiak Creek in Ibibio country. The year 1841 marked the official signing of papers by Efik kings to stop the exportation of slaves from Old Calabar. Prior to the introduction of industrialised cubic-shaped seasonings such as maggi and know, Crayfish was used to make meals more spicy. The Sunjata Epic is usually understood to tell the story of: the rise and fall of the seven Nubian (Kushite) kings. The Ekpe Society. Ivor Miller: The voice of the leopard is the main symbol of the Ekpe society of the Cross River region ofNigeria and Cameroon, which was re-created in colonial Cuba as the Abaku society. No disrespect allowed. The Ekpe society is estimated by most foreign scholars to have been introduced into Old Calabar in the 18th century. of Bamum, of Cameroon in his kingly attire seated on the throne with his chiefs flanked round him (Plate 2). The papers include photographs, audio and video recordings, publications, correspondence and printed material primarily relating to Miller's study of the linguistic, musical and ritual influence of West African kp society (predominantly in Nigeria and Cameroon) on . Aye, Originally Ekpe Fraternity was for religious purposes, but as the Calabar community became complicated owing to the new wealth which the early trade with Europeans brought it was. [49] The Enwang are believed to have ruled Atakpa for a number of years. [45] internal dissensions and population expansion led to the movement of several families from Creek Town to Obutong, Atakpa, Nsidung and Ekoretonko. Her behavior at the board meeting was obsequious\mathit{obsequious}obsequious; for example, she actually offered to wash the company president's car! For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. [51] Nsutana was a dreaded island where twins were abandoned to die. The society is still active at the beginning of the 21st century, now playing more of a ceremonial role. . (1985). Ukara are made exclusively for members of the Ekpe society, an interethnic men's association found throughout southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Another account claimed that Efik people introduced the Ekpe between 1720 and 1729 during the initial migration of Calabar. The story of The River Between by Ngugi wa Thiong'o, takes place in _________________ (name of present-day country) in the mid 1800's. Copyright Dr. Ivor L. Miller. The Ekpe society most likely originated among the Efik people of southern Nigeria and from there spread across other tribes and language groups in Southern Nigeria. Here is a list of some of Africa's most prominent cults of all time: The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. [15] This theory appears to be isolated as other Ibibio writers do not narrate that such terms were used by the Ibibio. Prior to the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, the Efik had experienced a series of migration before their arrival along the coasts of Old Calabar. This created a need for Ekpe DC to have a full Ayamba Nkanda (Nkanda Chief). These drums are a regional phenomenon; they are not identified with any particular ethnic community, nor with any specific cultural group or initiation club. [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. identity. [26] Essien points out that Atakpor Uruan Inyang is one of the Efik deities and asserts that among the Uruan exists the saying "Ke Ndem Efik Iboku, Atakpor ke Ekuk", which can be interpreted to mean "Where there is the Efik deity, there is also Atakpor Uruan to share with it. After the decline of the slave trade, the Efik transitioned into the business of exporting palm oil from the Cross river. She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. Powered by, Ukara cloth detail, Etara community, Cross River State, Nigeria, Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Diaspora, Introduction: Spirit Dancers, Water Deities & Mystics in the Cross River Basin and in Cuba, Upcoming film project: Seven year kp ritual cycle, Ntufam Bob Oku literature, music and drawings, Calabar Mgb International Journal / Revista Internacional, Calabar-Cuba Radio with Ene Ita and Ivor Miller, Manyu kp Funeral Rites in Yaounde, 2019, Ivor Miller research archive at Amherst College, Manyu kp procession in Yaound, March 29, 2019, Poster for funeral of Seseku Stephen Tataw (1948-2019), Tortoise shell instrument is played in the funerary procession, kp mask purifies the hearse before the procession begins, Funerary shrine representing the sacred forest of kp, kp members surround the shrine for the final rites. Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. I hope Queen Victoria and young prince will live long time and we get good friend. They believed feasting on a human strengthened their bonds. The instruments above are particularly important to our study of the Sunjata because: they are the traditional instruments of the jeliw who tell the story in public performance. La communaut cubaine Abakudescendante des communauts fik Ekp et Ejagham gb du Sud Est du Nigria et du Sud Ouest du Camerouna t fonde la Havane dans les annes 1830 par des leaders capturs des villages de Cross River. A fraternal society that emerged in the western culture between the 16th and 7th century. (b) Analyze Cause and Effect: What events prevent their success? According to Simmons, "Most Informants maintain that the first people to Inhabit Creek Town were Efut fishermen from the southern Cameroons. This material is believed to have been imported by the Portuguese (Oboriki). Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Unblock notifications in browser settings. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. Ethnographic - (Mask, Elephant, Cape, Chicken Feather); Elephant Mask with Chicken Feather Cape, Bekom People, Cameroon. [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. The term igo has also been used for the organization's members. According to Historians, this technique of indigo-dyeing was developed in the Dogon kingdom in Mali (West Africa) dating back to the 11th century. Updates? Ikpa Ene was a virgin island on the banks of the Cross river. According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. Modern Efik society is a melting pot of people of diverse origin. jamba juice turmeric smoothie recipe; sainsbury's locksbottom parking charges; ekpe society cameroon; June 11, 2022; small mortuary obituaries mobile, alabama .

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