spanish civil war ap euro

Had they taken Stalingrad, they could have gone to Moscow, and would never have been defeated. leader of the American forces in Europe during WWII leader of troops in Africa and commander in D Day invasion, Italian fascist who rules after Mussolini and with whom the US negotiates a surrender (so much for unconditional surrender--Stalin embittered). Spanish popular front After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. Contact us Term Paper, AP European History Class, April 2007 Table of Contents I. | He led a failed military coup against the democratically elected republican government. Germany and Italy intervened in the long, complicated Spanish Civil War, where their support eventually helped General Francisco Franco's fascist movement defeat republican Spain (Spain's only official aid came from the U.S.S.R) . one of the major German-language fiction writers of the 20th century. Below is the article summary. his people viewed him as a god. Despite the division, the government managed to engage the greatest war effort since the First World War. Spanish Civil War, (193639) Military revolt against the government of Spain. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. brutal massacre 1500 died and 800 were wounded, but the military targets in the A region in northwestern France on the English channel. Nationalists, and civilians were gunned down as they fled the scene. Proofread the following paragraphs, correcting any misspelled words or errors in the use of numbers. Chamberlain flew to Munich to attend summit w/France, Italy & Germany; discussed future of Czechoslovakia; led to transfer of all Sudenten territories to Germany in return of Hitler promising respect sovereignty of remainder of Czechoslovakia, Nonaggression treaty between Russia and Germany allowing Germany to fight a one front war until Germany violated treaty by invading Russia, "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939, "Phony War" with Hitler in 1939-1940 where Hitler prepared for his attack. French fighters in World War II, who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces after the surrender of France and subsequent German occupation. Political group active in aiding the leftist forces in the Spanish Civil War. The US exerted strong influences in western Europe leading to the creation of global economic and political systems (NATO, IMF, World Bank, WTO, GATT). The ever-cautious democracies, fearful of war, would not intervene, even to provide the Spanish government with weapons and supplies. Politically, their differences often found extreme and vehement expression in parties such as the Fascist-oriented Falange and the militant anarchists. In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). political idealism. In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. Their intervention in the Spanish Civil War was a prologue to World War IL. disagreed with the leftist efforts at army reform, and viewed with distaste the Renaissance & Exploration 1450-1648 . (p. 797). On March 7 a civil war broke out in Madrid between communist and anticommunist factions. the German air force before and during World War II. In response, France, under Poincar, occupied the Ruhr Area. One cause was that Spain wanted Independence These were delivered along with the usual political commissars, urging allegiance to the partly line. He ruled a military dictatorship until his death in 1975. in Spain's Second Republic was an electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political organizations, instigated by Manuel Azaa for the purpose of contesting that year's election. Its cruelty is conveyed in the coldly eloquent monochrome of Picassos painting. Stalins Soviet Union fed the Loyalists supplies and armaments, for which it required payment in full, and in gold. His and his wife. II. The Cuban movement for independence from Spain in 1895 garnered considerable American support. There were two battles of El Alamein, both during 1942. the name used in the first half of the 20th century for the regions inhabited mostly by Germans in the border areas of Bohemia, Moravia, and those parts of Silesia associated with Bohemia. However, in cities unprotected by the Civil Guard, the The European powers created an independent kingdom in Albania to keep the peace but this did not satisfy Serbia, Russia, or Greece and was a leading cause of the events that sparked the First World War. The following day the remnant of the Republican government surrendered; Franco would establish himself as dictator and remain in power until his death on November 20, 1975. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Government forces put down the uprising in most regions except parts of northwestern and southwestern Spain, where the Nationalists held control and named Francisco Franco head of state. The right reacted with fervor. Project for AP Euro about the Spanish Civil War. instructors. 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, Ch. The Bulgarians claimed more of Macedonia than the Serbs wanted, leading to tension in the Balkans. Initial Nationalist zone July 1936 In August 1936, more than two dozen nations, including France . stirred by the Nationalists were easily defeated in many cities where the loyal a propaganda film by the German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl. The revolt quickly became a civil war. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. They laid siege to it but were unable to get beyond the University City area. The uprising consisted of military action between the existing republican government and a nationalist faction led by a military General called Francisco Franco. War. an extended essay by Virginia Woolf. of the army was the most successful of the nationalist forces, and he was a When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. extreme right. He imprisoned and many upon coming to power--up to a million according to some More AP Euro Chapter Outlines. extent as the Republicans. French Radical-Socialist politician, and Prime Minister of France at the beginning of World War II. tanks, superior to the German Mark IIs, arrived in October, along with advanced They were called the Central Powers because they were encircled by the Allied Powers. The painting makes a big impact, both emotionally and physically. With only limited support from France, and none at all from AP European History Past Exam Questions Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. Introduction - The Political Setting of Spain (1931-1936) . Thus strengthened, the Loyalists fought desperately against Franco and his supporters (including the Roman Catholic Church, of whom they murdered more than 1000 priests and nearly 300 nuns). On April 14, 1931 the Spanish monarchy was declared overthrown and a provisional War almost entirely in France. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Loyalists and their international volunteers fled, or were captured, tortured and murdered. Nationalists took control quickly, in many cases aided by supplies from Benito However, this January 1939. Renews March 10, 2023 "subhuman creatures," those Hitler did not believe he needed to treat humanely. What began as a failed coup spiraled into a proxy war between Europes fascist and communist countries, with the future Allies backing the Republicans and the Axis powers supporting Francos Nationalists. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. an English novelist and essay writer who is regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. On one side, the Nationalist, were most Roman Catholics, important elements of the military, most landowners, and many businessmen. Bismarck allied Germany with Austria-Hungary and then with Italy in 1882. All About the Cold War - AP Euro. Moltke, however, gave too-vague orders to the troops on the French front, resulting in a retreat. Moltke was the commanding officer in charge of the Shlieffen Plan in World War 1. For Germany and Italy, Spain was a testing ground for new methods of tank and air warfare. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. It was the first disarmament conference in history, and is studied by political scientists as a model for a successful disarmament movement. Chapter 12 Identifications (Spielvogel) Chapter 13: European Society in the . France During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938). Nationalist forces put the figure at 1,000,000, including not only those killed in battle but also the victims of bombardment, execution, and assassination. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. A German term used by Hitler to describe the German people, Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people, made up by Italy, France, and Britain to keep the status quo in Europe when Hitler decided to rearm Germany, this was a report generated by a League of Nations to try to determine the causes of the Manchurian Incident which led to the Empire of Japan's seizure of Manchuria; it condemned Japan for resorting to force, but the powers were unwilling to impose sanctions; Japan then withdrew from the league and kept Manchuria, these were Fascists in Spain; they lost the 1936 elections; as a result, Francisco Franco led an army against the republic; this coup d'etat was successful and Franco became the dictator of Spain. The film contains excerpts from speeches given by various Nazi leaders at the Congress, including portions of speeches by Adolf Hitler, interspersed with footage of massed party members. The Spanish conflict quickly generated worldwide fears that it could explode into a full-fledged European war. He successfully commanded Allied forces at the Battle of El Alamein, and troops under his command were largely responsible for the expulsion of Axis forces from North Africa. It was attended by nine nations having interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia. It is considered an important work of Modernist literature. When Franco was proclaimed head of the Nationalist government on Between these extremes were other groups covering the political spectrum from monarchism and conservatism through liberalism to socialism, including a small communist movement divided among followers of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and his archrival, Leon Trotsky. Ch. an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich"; had a close personal relationship with Hitler. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! The origins of the conflict and goals of the participants were complex, and no single cause can accurately be described as . Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. Wed love to have you back! Updates? was the effective ruler and later formal head of state of first parts of Spain from October 1936 and then all of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Ireland. Moltke divided the forces on the western to counter the Russian army, greatly weakening his army and forcing them to retreat. While the European democracies stayed aloof, totalitarian powers both communist and fascist sent soldiers and supplies. Far from being just an internal event, the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 also had a great deal of global influence, attracting left-wing volunteers from all over the world to help . a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany. English Civil War Thirty Years' War (2000) "Leadership determines the fate of a country." Evaluate this quotation in reference to Spain's experience under Philip II. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. Allied forces under Dwight D. Eisenhower landed on the beaches of France in history's greatest naval invasion. It won the May 1936 legislative elections, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Lon Blum and exclusively composed of Radical-Socialist and SFIO ministers. Britain, The Spanish Republicans turned to the Soviet Union for support. It was a turning point for World War II. (Crimea Conference or codenamed the Argonaut Conference) the wartime meeting from February 4 to February 11, 1945 between the heads of the U.S., the U.K., and the Soviet Union Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin. While Picasso expressed anger and condemnation of Franco and the Fascists through his art he did not take up arms against them. The main antagonists were the Nationalists under Gen. Francisco Franco and the Republicans underFrancisco Largo Caballero and, later, Juan Negrn. The command structure of the corps-level headquarters controlling the German Panzer divisions in Libya and Egypt during the North African Campaign of World War II; the term is commonly used to refer to the headquarters plus its attached combat units. A war of attrition began. Corrections? a document that is an attempt to control king (Charles I) included: -no taxes unless approved by Parliament -no forced loans, no martial law in peacetime, no imprisonment without trial, no quartering of soldiers -KING NOT ABOVE LAW Charles agreed to the petition only because he needed the money lead up to Civil War The The D-Day invasion began on the 5 beaches of this region. an Irish writer and poet, widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. Associated with the phrase "God, death, what is higher.". In 1933, new elections produced a rightist government which promptly undid earlier reforms. Nationally, representatives supposedly devised the country's plans for Italy's economic self-sufficiency. Russian revolutionary, "Father of anarchy," critiqued Marxism, involved in the first international and led many revolts in Russia against the tsar, German republican govt 1919-1933, result of Treaty of Versailles and Kaiser Wilhelm's abdication, First German chancellor during Weimar Republic, a left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during and just after the politically volatile years of World War I, a Polish-born Marxist political theorist, socialist philosopher, and revolutionary. occurred in 1923 when Germany stopped making their reparation payments required by the Treaty of Versailles. Internecine conflict compromised the Republican effort from the outset. 100 Years' War Four causes are a dynastic dispute, Duchy of Aquitaine (England claim as ancient inheritance, Edward III claim Aquitaine and FR throne as edest heir of Philip the Frair), civil war in FR made war longer, economic factors (Flanders wool important to ENG). an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. emperor of Japan during WWII. The Bosnian crisis occurred when Austria, who had made a previous agreement with Russia to support opening up the Straits for warships if Russia supported Austria. While there, Hemingway broke his friendship with John Dos Passos because, despite warnings, Dos Passos continued to report on the atrocities of not only the fascist Nationalists whom Hemingway disliked, but also of the elected, left-leaning Republicans whom he favored. By the end of 1938, Francos forces seized Catalonia; by spring 1939, Valencia and the capital of Madrid. government took power. Franco's ensuing rein was one of oppression and tradition. The other great thing about teaching the Spanish Civil War in a European history class is its incredible wealth of documents. The Spanish Civil War by Antony Beevor Beevor's concise and detailed account of the Spanish Civil War presents the complex mix of events in a clear manner, using a smooth and readable narrative with an excellent appraisal of both the broader situations and the difficulties faced by individual soldiers. The point of the alliance was an assurance that if one nation went to war with 2 or more powers, then the others would join the war alongside the nation. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. For Britain and France, the conflict represented a new threat to the international equilibrium that they were struggling to preserve, which in 1939 collapsed into World War II. The Ardennes attack was planned in total secrecy in almost total radio silence. By March 28 all of the Republican armies had begun to disband and surrender, and Nationalist forces entered Madrid on that day. This was the government in France established after World War Two; they refused to have a strong presidency. Both sides repressed opposition; together, they executed or assassinated more than 50,000 suspected enemies to their respective causes. General Francisco Franco an Allied initiative to rid German and Austrian society, culture, press, economy, judiciary and politics of any remnants of the Nazi regime. The alliance started to break apart in 1936, completely disbanding in 1938. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! It was a breeding ground for mass atrocities. In 1937, Hemingway traveled to Spain in order to report on the Spanish Civil War for the North American Newspaper Alliance. Gavrilo Princip was a member of a secret society named Black Hand and was the assassinator of Franz Ferdinand. The "bulge" refers to the salient the Germans initially put into the Allies' line of advance. The terms of the treaty were that both nations would be neutral if the other was to go to war with another nation (though this did not apply if Germany when to war with France or if Russia went to war with Austria-Hungary) and that Germany would be neutral if Russia intervened in the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. That it did not has to do with the behavior of the onlooker European nations. The league was shaken twiceonce by the Congress of Berlin and again when the Balkans became disputed againbut remained until the forming of the Triple Alliance. He served longer as the leader of the Labour Party than anyone else in British history. Fascism was on the march. A bit of a rabid dog. Discount, Discount Code Germany also made a great contribution in the form of specialists and a cultural movement that began in the mid-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. Mussolini's Italy sent guns, tanks, Planes, and men. These groups of However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after Operation Overlord. The Nationalists were supported by Mussolinis Italy and Nazi Germany. Amidst this rapid political fluctuation, and in the dawn of the Spanish Civil War, came the advent of the Spanish Falange. This war was begun when Italy declared war on Turkey and conquered Tripoli and the Dodecanese Islands. The final Republican offensive stalled at the Ebro River on November 18, 1938. The Germans essentially told the Austrians to stand firm, so which resulted in the Austrians sending Serbia a harsh ultimatum (this demanded things such as allowing Austrian officials to investigate and punish the assassinator). How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. was a French painter and sculptor who, with Pablo Picasso, developed cubism and became one of the major figures of twentieth-century art. If I've gotten a term wrong, join the "AP Euro - NDHS" Quizlet group, and you should be able to correct it. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Quiz & Worksheet - The Spanish Civil War | Study.com Check your understanding of major events and issues leading up to, during and after the Spanish Civil War with an interactive quiz and. A naval base in Hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which forced America to enter the war, Town in Egypt, site of the victory by Britain's Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery over German forces led by General Erwin Rommel (the 'Desert Fox') in 1942-1943. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. Some production of the Hurricane was carried out in Canada by the Canada Car and Foundry Co Ltd. military Nationalists pronounced their intentions on July 17, 1936. a conflict in which the Francoists or Nationalists, led by General Francisco Franco, defeated the Republicans or Loyalists of the Second Spanish Republic. a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, machine gun posts and other defenses which France constructed along its borders with Germany and with Italy, in the light of experience from World War I, and in the run-up to World War II. Austria did not want the Serbs to gain access to the sea, so they too wanted Albania for themselves. EXAMPLE:The girl with the brown hair is a new student. They decided to The efficient Franco a soldier rather than a fascist, but in league with fascism none the less made steady progress. This island was the site of the US's first invasion of Japanese-held territory. About 40,000 foreigners fought on the Republican side in the International Brigades largely under the command of the Comintern, and 20,000 others served in medical or auxiliary units. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. The U.S. Army in the Pacific had been pursuing an "island-hopping" campaign, moving north from Australia towards Japan. It was Hitler's ultimate goal behind the Holocaust. Catalonia fell during February, and Valencia and Madrid collapsed He was later a prominent commander in Italy and North-West Europe, where he was in command of all Allied ground forces during Operation Overlord until after the Battle of Normandy. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. a 20th century garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature. city in the northwest corner of France where the allied troops were trapped by the advancing Germany Army. The Nationalist side gradually gained territory and by April 1938 succeeded in splitting Spain from east to west, causing 250,000 Republican forces to flee into France. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. adjective. . Sometimes it can end up there. German word meaning "cleansed of Jews". The Spanish Civil War Began on July 17th, 1936 The mutiny in July 1936 by army units stationed in Spanish Morocco was the prelude to a three-year bloody civil war. For the past five years, Tracy has dedicated a yearly three-day Spanish Civil War unit to his AP European History class. City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. Franz Ferdinand was emperor of Austria from 1896 until his death. The Loyalists held the capital at Madrid, the Basque Country, and the developed eastern seaboard, including Catalonia with its cosmopolitan capital at Barcelona. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Spanish-Civil-War. The Nationalists did experience some A significant leader of Ireland's struggle for independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the early 20th century, and the Republican anti-Treaty opposition in the ensuing Irish Civil War, de Valera was the author of Ireland's constitution, Bunreacht na hireann.

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