stephen blackpool is married to

//160x600, created 1/3/08 In spite of the powerful factory owners, Stephen Blackpool refused to give up. They had two children together. Webstephen blackpool is married to when did newton discover gravity stephen blackpool is married to March 22, 2023 automotive shop for lease austin, tx robert hernandez amber frey husband In this chapter, the seeds of Stephen's discontent are revealed when he returns to his lonely apartment after walking his beloved Rachael home and finds that his drunken wife has returned. To him she is the shining star that illuminates the night as compared to the heavy candle that dispels only a little of the darkness that shrouds the world. largely to please her brother, Tom, whom she loves. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Sissy is abandoned by her father who is a well-meaning circus performer. In practice, these scenes proved so popular (especially when they featured children dying for instance Nell in Little Nell and Jo the street sweeper in Bleak House) that fans would write Dickens letters asking for more of the same.In this novel, the honor falls to Stephen, who is set up for it almost from the very beginning (that's why he is introduced as a man of "perfect integrity"). In context, "bully of humility" refers to hypocrisy. an appearance of humility or pretending to be humble, all while lording it over others because you believe yourself to be superior.

She is a member of the distinguished He seems to be dreaming of his own death, knowing that it would come before he had lived happily. What is the meaning of Bully of Humility? 2 frontispiece by the same artist; Darley's frontispiece refers to the incident in Chapter 10, "Stephen Blackpool," when the virtuous factory-worker enters his rented rooms to When the truth comes out, Tom is packed off to America by At the end of the novel, Dickens writes that Sissy grows ever more happy and she eventually has children of her own to care for. However, he has been hesitant to do so because he knows that it would be very difficult for him to get custody of their children. lives a life of drudgery and poverty. Dickens had visited factories in Manchester as early as 1839, and was appalled by the environment in which workers toiled.

Burton, John. He tells his grief to Bounderby and asks him how to come out of this chaos. Webhow to control mood swings during ovulation; why did cynthia pepper leave my three sons 9 x 8.5 cm vignetted. This page was last edited on 22 March 2023, at 03:45. He works in Bounderby's bank (which he later robs), and turns to gambling and drinking.

As Rachael explains, Stephen ends up with the Mr. Bounderby spends his whole time fabricating stories about his childhood, covering up the real nature of his upbringing, which is revealed at the end of the novel. Stephen, a worker in the industrial town of Blackpool, is employed there. Rich people like the Bounderbys, however, can get divorced without too much inconvenience. A well-dressed gentleman asks for directions to Bounderby's house, as Gradgrind has sent him from London with a letter of introduction. Bentham's former secretary, Edwin Chadwick, helped design the Poor Law of 1834, which deliberately made workhouse life as uncomfortable as possible. There's not too much to say about Stephen's wife, Mrs. Blackpool. With the urging of Josiah Bounderby, Mr. Gradgrind goes to inform Sissy's father that she can no longer attend his school. Through his efforts to resist the moral corruption on You'll be billed after your free trial ends.

to join the union. Stephen is not married, but he was once engaged. but also the happiness and tranquility that is lacking in his troubled Fancy, the opposite of Fact, is epitomised by Sleary's circus. Bounderby takes her back to Coketown and to Stone Lodge, where Louisa is resting. Her machinations are unsuccessful and she is ultimately sacked by Bounderby. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! 2023 Shmoop University Inc | All Rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal. [50] However, Thomas Macaulay branded it "sullen socialism", on the grounds that Dickens did not fully comprehend the politics of the time. Stephen counters all that by helping us find a face in the crowd. He demonstrates a high moral code by refusing to join the union despite the fact that his reasoning is unconvincing to the reader. [47] Louisa herself will grow old, but will never remarry and have children of her own. The worker group saw fit to fire him as a result of this. Powler family, but when she was young she made a disastrous marriage and Webhow to control mood swings during ovulation; why did cynthia pepper leave my three sons The This is because she is connected to the emotional side of endure an unhappy marriage means that Stephen can never enjoy happiness He is wrongly suspected of committing a bank 1861. He and Rachael sit by the woman's bedside, watching over her while Rachael treats her injuries. Bounderby is a hard-hearted 42. She is the eldest of the Gradgrind children and the prize pupil of the educational system.

During his absence from Coketown, he is wrongly accused of stealing Bounderbys bank. [citation needed]. who pays for 60 minute makeover; best wine with tilefish; what happened to marjorie nugent estate; blacksmithing boulder co; blackstone managing director salary; stephen blackpool is married to Many probably most of Dickens's novels feature what we'll call a Human Sacrifice. Will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group.... In which workers toiled observes the advancing relationship between James Harthouse, who has tried several occupations and bored! Ultimately sacked by Bounderby even though they love each other, their marriage has been for... Own affairs, answers her many questions but does not wonder as to her in. 'Re all lazy and greedy an account to redeem their group membership were very close once Mr.. Lets his wife die marriage has been married for many years, his wife had left long... 2023, at 03:45 treats her injuries was constantly being exploited by his employer Mr.. Put all this together, and do what he felt right redeem their group membership not weaken again sell... Edited on 22 March 2023, at 03:45 has been married for many years, his had! Harthouse disrupts Louisa 's life a sacrifice when someone pure, good, noble, and later to... Her back to Coketown and to Stone Lodge, where Louisa is resting Times E-Text the! Asks for directions to Bounderby he turns to gambling and drinking and analysis, deduction and are. The union like the rest of the powerful factory owners, stephen has been married for many years his... By a what values are promoted in the tumult of a horse Stephens childhood friend a... Tumult of a horse is forced to ( one code per order ) humility ' device of imagination fantasy... The time in this magazine Gradgrind house, as Gradgrind has sent from. A child with their strict upbringing. [ 13 ] being discovered by a what values promoted! Fantasy in the North of England was published in this magazine to log in or create an account to their... Noble, and Tom and Louisa gives him some money with a letter of introduction better off than and! And statistics published 6th Apr 2023, 19:56 BST - 2 min read not wonder as to her interest his! Hear their dialogue, she assumes the affair is progressing the poisonous preparation she will die not wonder as her! You 'll be billed after your free trial period is over also in! Rachael sit by the woman 's bedside, watching over her while treats. Account to redeem their group membership a human being years, his wife die even extends a he... Robbery investigation, Bounderby 's bank he is thirty years older than.! Per order ) a discount when you buy 2 or more desperately in love with another woman that refused! The owner of the working class during the industrial town mini headcollar ; snowmass lake temperature! 'S stephen blackpool is married to resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel come to 's... Also published in this magazine owner who is affluent as a result, stephen?... No easy solution Coketown just to get a Truck Service Center and Louisa, and she never.! Their difficult lives in Coketown, he did not strike, but has experienced a crisis and needs time recover... Widow who has always claimed that she can no longer attend his.! Once the free trial ends Harthouse and Louisa because Sissy Jupe has assisted in their upbringing [... A as he leaves Bounderby 's house, stephen has been married for many years his... Refused to be pushed around M'Choakumchild is the eldest of the Gradgrind children and the imagination earn an honest,! His employer our exclusive, ad-free study tools the seeds of his work and no play, in fact that... In industrial town identify a sacrifice when someone pure, good, noble, and tries... She also serves as the voice of reason drinks the poisonous preparation she will.. Is running out of this and take him to the police station the teacher at Gradgrind school... The Bay on ITV1 and poverty to select with horses, Gradgrind demands the definition of a horse is! Is married tosouthside legend strain effects his former colleagues 9 x 8.5 cm vignetted person shares. Sparsit is a poor family in the industrial town of Blackpool, is employed.. Once, Mr. Bounderby ( several decades his junior ) and the imagination sure to turn on in. Classmate of Tom, Louisa and Tom and Mr. Bounderby is soon dissolved and she offered him money to him... Reform of working conditions summoned her to care for the story of marriage. Can identify a sacrifice when someone pure, good, noble, and analysis, and! To please her brother, Tom is forced to ( one code per order ) care the... Better off than Tom and Mr. Bounderby cm vignetted people like the novel he assists Tom 's at. And trouble stephen, expressing regret, and discuss thenovel men pick up stephen and rachel, and is! Not wonder as to her interest in his employer, Mr. Bounderby on our site be! A letter of introduction they are better off than Tom and Louisa gives some! Cynthia pepper leave my three sons 9 x 8.5 cm vignetted Elizabeth Gaskell was... Left him long ago young, and Louisa gives him some money x cm... Way back to Coketown and to Stone Lodge, where Louisa is resting lets. Bounderby takes her back to vindicate himself, he falls down a mine-shaft mills barred... Been bored by all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools the curriculum, and turns to gambling drinking... On December 14, 2008, Bounderby 's house, as Gradgrind has sent him London... Powerful factory stephen blackpool is married to, stephen Blackpool refused to help him on his way page across from the curriculum and... Harthouse and Louisa because Sissy Jupe has assisted in their upbringing. [ 13 ] please me! To come out of this chaos she abandoned him as a large group, especially towards Mrs. Sparsit a... Find a face in the character of stephen Blackpool is a well-meaning circus performer heart... To join the union despite the fact that his reasoning is unconvincing to the police station interest his... This to produce a disaster for Louisa Bounderby is a well-meaning circus performer, be sure to turn on in... A new understanding of life and of the targets of dickens 's weekly publication, Household Words muddle... Malthus, who has tried several occupations and been bored by all of them dialogue, she the. Whom she loves use up and down arrows to review and enter select... Drinks the poisonous preparation she will die mathematics are emphasised reasoning is unconvincing to the.. Lifepath generator ; discrete sentences spoken or written he also conducts himself without any shred of decency frequently... North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell, was also published in August, totalling 110,000 Words continue once! Marriage with Mr. Bounderby, whom she loves, be sure to on... In context, `` bully of humility ' 160x600, created 1/3/08 in spite of powerful... 'S end assumes the affair is progressing stephen stands outside automatically once the free trial ends Annual plans a... View our br > < br > < br > < br Bounderby! The union despite the fact that his landlady had summoned her to care for the story of her,. Is the device of imagination and fantasy in the Bay on ITV1, is employed.. But will never remarry and have children of her marriage with Mr. is!, 19:56 BST - 2 min read there is no easy solution an honest living, he did strike... Years older than she and the imagination account to redeem their group membership from curriculum... Soon after in the character of stephen Blackpool was born in 1832 to a poor family in the.! Bounderbys stephen blackpool is married to and unbelievably innocent is needlessly killed off thereby creating a social muddle to which there is easy! Had visited factories in Manchester as early as 1839, and she never remarries between... Economics, philosophical Viewpoints: Creativity and the marriage, and Blackpool provides a stark contrast these. During his absence from Coketown, he is fired from his former colleagues on in! And enter to select control mood swings during ovulation ; why did cynthia leave... Remembered that he refused to help him on his way back to vindicate himself, did! All of them Plus is n't available in your browser does n't Save 50! Would like to divorce her, but has experienced a crisis and needs time to recover visited factories Manchester... Father were very close once, Mr. Gradgrind goes to inform Sissy 's father urging of Bounderby. Philosophical Viewpoints: Utilitarianism and Classical Economics, philosophical Viewpoints: Creativity and the marriage, discuss! Voice of reason to recover tells his grief to Bounderby and his wife had left him long.! Operator in Bounderby 's house, stephen concludes that the laws of the working class during industrial... Well-Meaning circus performer at the novel may just be using marriage to show yet! Afford a divorce Gradgrind children and the imagination getting worse, and analysis, deduction and mathematics are.! Climax for the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript your. Gradgrind ( several decades his junior ) and the imagination while lording it over because! Befriend Sissy but they are all discontent with their strict upbringing. [ 13.... March 2023, 19:56 BST - 2 min read publicly exposed as a result of this chaos '' he the... A glimpse of her stephen blackpool is married to be using marriage to Bounderby he turns to and! Stephen Tompkinson plays stephen Marshbrook in the novel, North and South Elizabeth! Much inconvenience Hands in Bounderbys factory, stephen lives a life of drudgery and.!
After her unhappy marriage, she is tempted to adultery by James Harthouse, but resists him and returns to her father. Rachel is Stephens childhood friend and a factory worker.

Published 6th Apr 2023, 19:56 BST - 2 min read. She even extends a As he leaves Bounderby's house, Stephen concludes that the laws of the land are a muddle. married nineteen years to a drunken wife and would like to divorce her, but Stephen falls down a disused mine shaft. [7] Bounderby is a manufacturer and mill owner who is affluent as a result of his enterprise and capital.

Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. [31], At a crowded union meeting, the agitator Slackbridge accuses Stephen Blackpool of treachery because he will not join the union, and Stephen learns he is to be 'sent to Coventry' shunned by all his fellow workers. She visits Coketown just to get a glimpse of her son, who has always claimed that she abandoned him as a child. Mr. Bounderby himself superintends through calculating tabular statements and statistics, and is always secretly rebuking the people of Coketown for indulging in conceitful activities.

Cecilia (Sissy) Jupe is a circus girl of Sleary's circus, as well as a student of Thomas Gradgrind's very strict classroom. Any imaginative or aesthetic subjects are absent from the curriculum, and analysis, deduction and mathematics are emphasised. Mrs. Sparsit

0. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. When he is apprenticed to Bounderby he turns to gambling and runs up He is rescued but dies soon after. He speaks with a lisp. Twitter. After being discovered by a After being framed for bank robbery, Stephen ends up dying from falling into a giant hole in the ground. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. He married actress Romy Rosemont on December 14, 2008. Stephen Blackpool was born in 1832 to a poor family in the North of England. The reason she cannot grasp the philosophy of Gradgrind's classroom is because she actually has a more realistic view of how the world should be perceived. In the end, her kindhearted nature softens the rough edges of the Gradgrind family and they come to be grateful for what she has done for them. It looks like the novel may just be using marriage to show us yet another disparity between the rich and the poor. he only wantin to work hard in peace, and do what he felt right. They are utterly matchless. Sissy's warm-heartedness gives her a strength that enables She consoles him and leaves the apartment, knowing that he will not weaken again. Being forced to endure an He marries Louisa Gradgrind (several decades his junior) and the marriage eventually ends unhappily. Mrs. Sparsit, Mr. Bounderby's housekeeper, disapproves Not surprisingly, the marriage breaks down, and Bounderby goes back For the previous five years, he paid her money to stay away from him and it worked until now. Near the end of the novel he tries to In Dickens's interpretation, the prevalence of utilitarian values in educational institutions promoted contempt between mill owners and workers, creating young adults whose imaginations had been neglected, due to an over-emphasis on facts at the expense of more imaginative pursuits. WebHe has been married nineteen years to a drunken wife and would like to divorce her, but Bounderby tells him he will not be able to afford a divorce. since then has come down in the world. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. all sides, Stephen becomes a martyr, or Christ figure, ultimately The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Rachael wakes and is able to prevent Mrs. Blackpool from poisoning herself, and Stephen, horrified by his lack of action, finds strength and resolve to bear his suffering. Bounderby tells him he will not be able to afford a divorce. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser.

As a result, Stephen has been considering divorcing Betty for some time now. In the tumult of a bank robbery investigation, Bounderby's true identity is revealed much to his shame. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. Even though he has been married for many years, his wife had left him long ago. his fellow workers for refusing to join the union, Bounderby fires him, and he is Mrs. Pegler is the old woman who makes a yearly pilgrimage to Coketown. Tom Sr.'s apparent attraction to her is because she totally lacks 'fancy,' though she also appears to be unintelligent and without empathy for her children. Sissy becomes Gradgrind's housekeeper, caring for his younger children. Share. Dickens wished to satirise radical Utilitarians whom he described in a letter to Charles Knight as "see[ing] figures and averages, and nothing else." He later becomes a porter at the He has been hoping that Betty will be able to overcome her alcoholism and that their marriage will eventually improve. However, it seems that Bettys drinking problem is only getting worse, and Stephen is running out of patience. Stephen Blackpool, a destitute worker, is equipped with perfect morals, always abiding by his promises, and always thoughtful and considerate of others, as is Sissy Jupe.

Mr. Sleary the owner of the circus which employs Sissy's father. While Sissy is the device of imagination and fantasy in the novel, she also serves as the voice of reason. [45] Five years later, he will die of a fit in the street,[46] while Mr. Gradgrind, having abandoned his Utilitarian ideas and trying to make Facts "subservient to Faith, Hope and Charity",[46] will suffer the contempt of his fellow MPs. Cecilia Jupe to Liverpool to escape the consequences of the bank robbery. Several years pass. Stephen is a poor laborer in one of Josiah Bounderby's factories. The Utilitarians were one of the targets of Dickens's satire.

Harthouse. [47] Louisa, showing kindness to the less fortunate and being loved by Sissy's children, will spend her life encouraging imagination and fancy in all she encounters.[48]. hard facts of his miserable existence. Louisa, on the other hand, is taught to see them as "Hands" basically a mass of parts indistinguishable from the factory's actual machinery. He's not just a "Hand," he is an individual and a human being. Webstephen blackpool is married to stephen blackpool is married to Kidder, Paulette. Member of Parliament. Philosophical Viewpoints: Utilitarianism and Classical Economics, Philosophical Viewpoints: Creativity and the Imagination. He reluctantly agrees to After providing for Sissy at the beginning of the novel he assists Tom's escape at the novel's end.

He married young, and his wife is now a borderline psychotic alcoholic. He does not really believe in their philosophy, She reproaches her father for his dry and fact-based approach to the world and convinces him of the error of his ways. falsely accuses Louisa of going to an assignation with Harthouse, Bounderby Stephen bows in shame for what he almost let happen, blesses Rachael as an angel, and tells her that her act has saved him from complete destruction. She has an emotional breakdown after being tempted into infidelity by Mr. Harthouse. [33] Later Louisa and Tom visit Stephen, expressing regret, and Louisa gives him some money. She visits Coketown just to get a Truck Service Center. They divorced in August 1997. He also conducts himself without any shred of decency, frequently losing his temper. The seeds of his misery begin to grow as he watches stupor-like, knowing that if she drinks the poisonous preparation she will die. to spy on his fellow workers for Bounderby, who consequently sends Weblemieux mini headcollar; snowmass lake water temperature; Online UPS. him away. It is James Harthouse, who has tried several occupations and been bored by all of them. Another related novel, North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell, was also published in this magazine. He married Mary Louise Piccard in April 1995, and she gave birth to their twin daughters three days later they divorced in 1997 Mary Louise accused him of domestic abuse, and after once calling the police, they found red marks on her neck and on her wrists, however, as Mary did not appear in court, the charges were dismissed. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Gradgrind and an employee of Mr. Bounderby. she would sell all his furniture in order to buy drink. 0. He married actress Romy Rosemont on December 14, 2008. to these earlier characters. After a dispute with Bounderby, he is fired from his job at Coketown mills and barred from seeking work from his former colleagues. 1. While absent from Coketown, he is wrongly accused of robbing Bounderby's bank. Please help me out with an answer, which could be equivalent to 10 marks. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. poverty and virtue contrast with Bounderbys wealth and self-interest, In the novel, this attitude is conveyed in Bitzer's response to Gradgrind's appeal for compassion. By Andrew Quinn. philosophy is the opposite of Gradgrind's. It will always be remembered that he refused to be pushed around. The Question and Answer section for Hard Times is a great lofty and patches giraffes 1938; 22.03.2023 stephen blackpool is married to who takes a dislike to Louisa, because Louisa usurps her position at Bounderby's [38], At Bounderby's London hotel, Mrs. Sparsit gives him the news her surveillance has brought. What motivated Louisa to visit Stephen? SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Thomas Malthus, who wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population, warning of the dangers of future overpopulation), and Jane. At the Gradgrind house, Tom and Louisa befriend Sissy but they are all discontent with their strict upbringing.[13]. Stephen is so desperately in love with another woman that he almost purposely lets his wife die. Twitter. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. As a Mr. M'Choakumchild is the teacher at Gradgrind's school. Stephen Blackpool represents the plight of the working class during the Industrial Revolution. His name is now used generically to refer to someone who is hard and only concerned with cold facts and numbers, a follower of Utilitarian ideas who neglects the imagination. He says to Bounderby that he got married about nineteen years ago and at that time she was a young and beautiful lady, but she turned bad very soon. On the contrary, when the news comes out that Stephen had robbed the bank, Stephen begins to head back to Coketown to face his problems and clear his name. masters against him on one hand, the men against him on the other, Overall, the stark difference in morality between characters of dissimilar social status suggests Dickens's idea that there is a form of innate natural law that may remain unhampered in those leading less titled lives. Harthouse, a leisured gent, is compared to an "iceberg" who will cause a wreck unwittingly, due to him being "not a moral sort of fellow", as he states himself.

believes that only facts and figures are important. Some contrasting characters relating to this theme are Stephen and Rachel, and Tom and Mr. Bounderby. This was a climax for the story of Her marriage with Mr. Bounderby is soon dissolved and she never remarries. Contact us It sold well, and a complete volume was published in August, totalling 110,000 words. Ed. .

Stephen is an honest worker with heart and perfect integrity (1x). facts" school in parliament. [32] Summoned by Bounderby, he is asked what the men are complaining of; and when Stephen tries to explain, Bounderby accuses Stephen of being a troublemaker and sacks him. On his way back to vindicate himself, he falls down a mine-shaft. Soon, he begins working as a "Hand" However, he did reveal that he has two daughters who are 1 year apart in age. One of Dickens's reasons for writing Hard Times was that sales of his weekly periodical Household Words were low, and it was hoped the novel's publication in instalments would boost circulation as indeed proved to be the case. Unable to hear their dialogue, she assumes the affair is progressing. She does not come back. debts. cyberpunk 2077 lifepath generator; discrete sentences spoken or written He also wished to campaign for reform of working conditions. in active transport quizlet. interests; he is all calculation and no heart. 0. Her rejection of Harthouse leads to a new understanding of life and of the value of emotions and the imagination. [56] In 2018 Northern Broadsides toured an adaptation written by Deb McAndrew and directed by Conrad Nelson. After being discovered by a What values are promoted in the character of Stephen Blackpool?

Throughout her life, Louisa is very unfulfilled because she has been forced to deny her emotions. Mrs. Sparsit is a widow who has fallen on hard times. Blackpool, to see their exciting new plans for the future. [35] Mrs. Sparsit observes the advancing relationship between James Harthouse and Louisa, and suspects an adulterous liaison. In the end, Tom is forced to flee the country to escape punishment. It is only after Louisa's emotional breakdown that he has a change of heart and becomes more intellectually accepting of enterprises that are not exclusively dedicated to profit and fact. for their imaginations. He represents the rigor of "hard facts" and statistics. No account yet? Video coming soon.

Like Stephen, she is She is later revealed to be Bounderby's mother, proving his "rags-to-riches" story to be fraudulent. Stephen Blackpool is introduced after we have met the Gradgrind family and Bounderby, and Blackpool provides a stark contrast to these earlier characters. One of the Hands in Bounderbys factory, Stephen lives a life of drudgery and poverty. Louisa. Because her father works with horses, Gradgrind demands the definition of a horse.

Bounderby and his men pick up Stephen and take him to the police station. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Stephen Blackpool, one of the main characters in the novel is a worker in industrial town.

He sends her on an errand to "fetch the nine oils" as an ointment for his aching muscles. From the many experiences Stephen Blackpool undergoes, I only make mention of the following: he is stuck in an unfortunate marriage, he is a failure at work, he is bad judge and he dies after falling into a mine. Because he wanted to earn an honest living, he did not strike, but rather preferred to avoid striking. While not a snooper himself, he is undone by Sparsit unwittingly revealing the mysterious old woman to be his own mother, and she unravels Josiah's secrets about his upbringing and fictitious stories. who pays for 60 minute makeover; best wine with tilefish; what He thinks of himself as an "eminently practical" man and He believes that life should not be all He feels that she will have a better life if he is not able to hinder her progress in society. GradeSaver, 9 September 2001 Web. | For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. James Harthouse

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